![]() ![]() This may play a role in the development of sleep complaints.Įvening light exposure from normal ambient room lighting ( Gooley et al., 2011), eBooks ( Chang et al., 2015), and light-emitting diode (LED)-backlit computer screens ( Cajochen et al., 2011) causes reductions and delays in melatonin secretion. A delay in melatonin onset, therefore, may be expected to be a factor contributing to subsequent delays in sleep initiation mechanisms. Environmental light can phase delay rhythms of melatonin and alertness when presented during nighttime hours ( Cajochen et al., 2014). Melatonin acts as the hormonal signal for the onset of the biological night and has been conceptualized as the factor which “opens the sleep gate” ( Cajochen et al., 2003). ![]() In humans, the circadian system enables a consolidated nocturnal sleep phase which coincides with ambient darkness and increased circulating levels of the pineal hormone melatonin ( Turek and Gillette, 2004). ![]() While the etiology of insomnia is multifactorial and involves cognitive, behavioral, and physiological factors ( Roth, 2007), clinicians and researchers are becoming increasingly aware of how nocturnal light exposure contributes to poor sleep ( Czeisler, 2013). Insomnia symptoms, including difficulty falling or staying asleep, frequently awakening, feeling that sleep is unrefreshing or not sound, or having daytime consequences like feelings of sleepiness, irritability, or trouble concentrating, described in the International Classification of Sleep Disorders-3 rd Edition ( Sateia, 2014), occur in as much as 33–50% of adults ( Schutte-Rodin et al., 2008). Amber lenses represent a safe, affordable, and easily implemented therapeutic intervention for insomnia symptoms. These findings have health relevance given the broad use of light-emitting devices before bedtime and prevalence of insomnia. clear lenses for 2-h preceding bedtime for 1 week improved sleep in individuals with insomnia symptoms. Actigraphic measures of TST only were significantly higher in amber vs. ![]() clear lenses condition over the 7-d intervention period. Reported wake-time was significantly delayed, and mean subjective total sleep time (TST), overall quality, and soundness of sleep were significantly higher (p-values <0.05) in amber vs. PIRS total scores, and Quality of Life, Distress, and Sleep Parameter subscales, were improved in amber vs. Ambulatory sleep measures included the Pittsburgh Insomnia Rating Scale (PIRS) completed at the end of each intervention period, and daily post-sleep questionnaire and wrist-actigraphy. Fourteen individuals (n=8 females age ± SD 46.6 ± 11.5 y) with insomnia symptoms wore blue light-blocking amber lenses or clear placebo lenses in lightweight wraparound frames for 2 h immediately preceding bedtime for 7 consecutive nights in a randomized crossover trial (4-wk washout). We aimed to determine if wearing amber-tinted blue light-blocking lenses before bedtime improves sleep in individuals with insomnia. Exposure to blue-wavelength light in particular from these devices may affect sleep by suppressing melatonin and causing neurophysiologic arousal. The use of light-emitting electronic devices before bedtime may contribute to or exacerbate sleep problems. ![]()
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